kami suka menipu anda!!!

Check power supply to system
If not power check and repair power supply unit
Power supply is normal, go to output of block B to check for signal.
If there is signal, check output of block C
If there is no output from block C then block C is faulty
If there is output from block C then block D is faulty
If there is no output from block B then check output from block A
If block A has output then block B is faulty
If block A has no output then check input signal to block A
If there is input signal to block A then this block faulty otherwise it means nno input signal.

Instruction cycle, machine cycle and T state

An instruction cycle consists of fetch and execute phase. Every fetch and execute is called an machine cycle. The time for the machine cycle during the fetch phase is always the same for every instruction while the time for the execute cycle is depended on the events, each cycle actually needs a few clock pulse or sometime we call it T stat. some microprocessor may have 5 T in one machine fetch cycle and during the execute cycle may have 6T the clock frequency and the number of T required will determine how fast an instruction can be executed. A higher clock frequency and a lower number of T will definite run faster.

VTC- AutoCAD 2005 for Architects Training, 8.5 hrs / 103 lessons

AutoCAD 2005 for Architects builds upon the previous title, AutoCAD 2004 for Architects. It is intended for intermediate to advanced users who want to take full advantage of AutoCAD in an architectural environment. This tutorial will guide the user to more advanced 2D features of AutoCAD and basic 3D concepts. VTC author, Ivanhoe Tejeda, begins the tutorial by creating working drawings for a single family residence before moving on to create a 3D model of the home. The tutorial will also introduce Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop software, useful in the creation of color presentations. To being learning today, simply click on one of the AutoCAD 2005 for Architects lessons.

Introduction
Introduction to AutoCAD 2005 (01:42)
Review the AutoCAD 2005 GUI (03:18)
Architectural Visualization (03:11)
Architectural Firms (04:04)

CAD Drawings
The Working Drawing and Scale Factor (02:40)
Externally Referenced Files (02:40)
Plotting a Monochrome Drawing (06:11)
Plotting a Color Drawing (03:02)
Creating Presentation Drawings (02:30)
Plotting an EPS File (03:11)
Introducing Illustrator (05:35)
Introducing Photoshop (06:23)

Blocks and Wblocks
Defining Blocks and Wblocks (03:07)
Cut and Paste Options (04:16)
Introduction to DesignCenter (06:27)
Introduction to Tool Palettes (05:10)

External References
External Reference Defined (04:10)
Insert an XREF (03:55)
XCLIP Command pt. 1 (04:03)
XCLIP Command pt. 2 (03:38)
XREF Manager (05:26)
When to Use External References (03:50)

Electrical Plan and Architectural Plan
Use an Existing Architectural Sheet (03:16)
Electrical Plan pt. 1 (07:07)
Electrical Plan pt. 2 (02:51)
Architectural Plan (06:41)

Creating the Elevation
XREF the Plan and XLINE Command (05:03)
Layers and Draw Order (04:32)
Hatching Elevations with Snapbase (05:33)
An Architectural Sheet as a Template (06:13)
Viewports and Text (06:53)
Leader Lines and Elevation Markers (07:03)

Working Drawings
Architectural Set of Working Drawings (06:42)
Reinforce How this Project Uses Xrefs (05:07)
Using an Attribute Block (05:02)
Creating an Attribute Block (07:06)
Selecting Objects pt. 1 (05:15)
Selecting Objects pt. 2 (06:33)
Cycle and Quick Select (05:38)

Printing
Create a Monochrome Plot Style Table (06:44)
Create a Color Plot Style Table (05:22)
Combining Color and Monochrome Files (05:47)
Color Gradient Hatching (03:46)
How to Create an EPS File (05:09)

Customizing
Customizing the GUI (06:38)
Creating a Custom Toolbar (04:19)
Using a Pre-Defined Icon (02:43)
Creating a Custom Icon (06:16)
Keyboard Shortcut and Command Alias (05:40)

Introduction to 3D
3D Architectural Entities (03:45)
Controlling the View and the UCS (04:28)
Viewpoint Presets and 3D Orbit Command (04:24)
Creating a 3D Glass as a Surface (05:55)
Creating a 3D Glass as a Solid (04:47)
Rotating 3D Objects (03:54)

Introduction to 3D Solids
3D Sofa - Building the Solids (05:38)
3D Sofa - Editing the Solids (05:09)
3D Sofa - Advanced 2D and 3D Commands (05:49)
Completing the 3D Sofa (04:33)

The 3D Exterior House Model
Creating the Walls pt. 1 (05:22)
Creating the Walls pt. 2 (03:45)
XREF the Elevations Using 3Point UCS (05:46)
Slicing 3D Solids (02:58)
Moving and Extruding Faces (03:55)
Completing the Window Opening (05:50)
Window Frames Using Subtract (05:48)
Door and Window Openings Using Subtract (04:46)
Door Frames Using Union (04:12)
Saving a Named View and a UCS (03:53)
Completing 3D Walls with 2D Elevations (05:12)
Review Extrude and Subtract Command (05:50)
Using Point Filters (04:04)
3D Roof pt. 1 (04:45)
3D Roof pt. 2 (05:56)
3D Roof - Interference Command pt. 1 (06:49)
3D Roof - Interference Command pt. 2 (03:50)
Extrude via Path (04:32)

3D Interior House Model
Interference Command with 3D Walls (03:58)
Custom Toolbars for 3D Modeling (04:58)
3D Walls and the Separate Command (05:26)
Techniques for Modeling Two Floors (02:47)
3D Door Frames (04:35)
Polylines That Will Not Extrude (03:23)
Pros and Cons of Clipping Planes (04:18)
Creating 3D Cabinets pt. 1 (05:02)
Creating 3D Cabinets pt. 2 (04:46)
Completing the 3D Cabinets (07:05)

Creating the Perspective Views
The Dview Command and Saving Views (06:07)
Zoom/Distance/3D Orbit (03:11)
Presentation Borders to Compose Layouts (03:41)
Composing a Raster File (04:43)

Miscellaneous Commands and Options
3D Ruled Surface - Sloped Surfaces (04:12)
3D Ruled Surface - Curtains (05:23)
Viewports in Model Space (04:21)
Interior Perspective (03:41)
Model Space Viewports and Layers (03:33)

Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop
Composing the Floor Plan (06:14)
Adding Color to the Wall (04:16)
Adding Color to the Floor (04:45)
Summarizing the Techniques (03:09)
Completing the Presentation (06:11)

Conclusion
Final Words (02:46)

Credits
About this Author (02:17)

Download: 631 MB / 50.54 MB

http://rapidshare.com/files/1113212/VTC_-_AutoCAD_2005_for_Architects_Tutorial.part01.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/1113246/VTC_-_AutoCAD_2005_for_Architects_Tutorial.part02.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/1115205/VTC_-_AutoCAD_2005_for_Architects_Tutorial.part03.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/1115201/VTC_-_AutoCAD_2005_for_Architects_Tutorial.part04.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/1117114/VTC_-_AutoCAD_2005_for_Architects_Tutorial.part05.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/1117129/VTC_-_AutoCAD_2005_for_Architects_Tutorial.part06.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/1119203/VTC_-_AutoCAD_2005_for_Architects_Tutorial.part07.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/1119224/VTC_-_AutoCAD_2005_for_Architects_Tutorial.part08.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/1237110/VTC_-_AutoCAD_2005_for_Architects_Tutorial.part09.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/1238590/VTC_-_AutoCAD_2005_for_Architects_Tutorial.part11.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/1238939/VTC_-_AutoCAD_2005_for_Architects_Tutorial.part12.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/1239355/VTC_-_AutoCAD_2005_for_Architects_Tutorial.part13.rar


-Tribute to : http://elearncomputer.blogspot.com/2007/08/vtc-autocad-2005-for-architects.html

Panduan Penulisan Laporan Cadangan Projek

PANDUAN PENULISAN LAPORAN CADANGAN PROJEK

PENGHARGAAN

ABSTRAK/ABSTRACT
 Pengenalan Secara Umum
 Masalah
 Kaedah/Metodologi/Cara Penyelesaian Masalah
 Hasil Projek

KANDUNGAN
SENARAI JADUAL
SENARAI RAJAH
SENARAI SINGKATAN/ISTILAH
SENARAI LAMPIRAN

BAB I – PENGENALAN
 Pendahuluan – Secara Umum
 Pernyataan/Analisa/Latarbelakang Masalah (Menyeluruh Tetapi Ringkas)
 Matlamat Projek – Hasil Akhir
 Objektifprojek – Sesuatu Kajian/Perlaksanaan/Usaha Untuk Mencapai Matlamat
 Skop Projek – Memenuhi Objektif/Matlamat

BAB II – KAJIAN LITERATUR
 Pengenalan
 Pengenalanterhadapdomain
 Kepentingan Kajian/Projek – Masalah Dihadapi
 Sistem Asal/Manual – Kebaikan/Kelemahan (Penambahan/Guna Kaedah Baru)
 Teknologi Yang Digunakan (Pembangunan & Implementasi) – Bincang Teknik Yang Ada
 Kajian Kes : Sistem Sedia Ada Di Pasaran/Telah Dilaksanakan – Kebaikan &Kelemahanjustifikasi/Rumusan Setiap Perbincangan

BAB III – METODOLOGI PROJEK
 Pengenalan
 Metodologi Projek & Pembangunan (Kaedah, Teknik Atau Pendekatan Untuk Rekabentuk/Implementasi Projek, Spesifikasi Input Dan Hasil Jangkaan)
 Justifikasi Penggunaan Kaedah/Pendekatan Tersebut
 Perancangan Projek
 Keperluan Perkakasan Dan Perisianserta Justifikasinya.(Jika Ada)
 Andaian/Kekangan

BAB IV – HASIL AWALAN/JANGKAAN HASIL PROJEK/REKABENTUK AWALAN
 Rekabentuk Awalan (lakaran/auto CADD)
 Spesifikasi
 Pengoperasian/Kaedah/Cara Kendalian

BAB V – KESIMPULAN
Kesimpulan

RUJUKAN/BIBLIOGRAFI
 Bahan rujukan(buku/jurnal/majalah/dsb)

LAMPIRAN
 Carta Gantt, Perancangan Projek
 Jadual & Rajah Sokongan
 Dokuman Sokongan